Programs written in C, C++ etc are not converted into chips^[1].
Instead, your source code is converted to a form that can be run on a suitable microprocessor or microcontroller system.
The processor that will run your code is called the Target processor.

This conversion involves tools called a Compiler and a Linker. You need to choose appropriate tools for your Target.
You can find a list of tool suppliers on the 'Links' page.

Once you have converted your Source code into a suitable form to be run on your target, you need some means to load the converted code into the target.
Modern processors allow In-System Programming (ISP), which needs just a simple cable connection from your PC to the Target.
Old processors require the chip to be removed from the Target, and put into a special Programmer to have your code loaded.



[1] Only in very special circumstances, which are way beyond the scope of this level of discussion!

If you really do want to create a custom chip (rather than just write programs to run on a standard processor), you will need to look at hardware design languages like VHDL and Verilog - again, these are way beyond the scope of this forum!